How it's calculated
An "interest-free" installment is almost never free: the seller already charges for it inside the price. To find out which is better, we bring all the payments to today's money using a discount rate: the higher of inflation and what your money could earn.
Value of the payments today = Σ payment / (1 + m)^k, where m is the monthly rate. If that value is lower than the cash price, paying in installments is better; if it's higher, cash is better.
We also calculate the hidden cost: the monthly rate that makes the payments equal to the cash price. It's what you're really charged for financing.
Watch out for this
- If paying cash would leave you without an emergency fund, don't do it even if the numbers favor it.
- Check that the cash price is real: sometimes the "discount" is built by raising the installment price.
- If you're charged a card fee or a fee per installment, add it to the amount of each payment.